Showing posts with label Chandrayaan-1. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Chandrayaan-1. Show all posts

Tuesday, October 21, 2008

India reaches for the moon

Sriharikota: Up, up and away: Chandrayaan-1 is seen soon after the launch at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. India became the sixth nation, after the US, Russia, European Space Agency, China and Japan, to send a mission to the moon. pic/ap

India's maiden moon spacecraft Chandrayaan-1 was put into Transfer Orbit around the earth today by the Polar Launch Vehicle PSLV-C11 about 19 minutes after it blasted off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.

Chief among the mission's goals is mapping not only the surface of the moon, but what lies beneath. Before today, only the US, Russia, the European Space Agency, Japan and China have sent missions to the moon.

The 1,380 kg Chandrayaan-1 was released into a Transfer Orbit 18.2 minutes after the PSLV-C11 blasted off as the scientists broke into jubiliation at the mission control centre.

After a series of procedures over the next two weeks, the spacecraft would reach its desired lunar orbit and placed at a height of 100 km from the lunar surface, marking the operational phase of the mission.

Chandrayaan-I is carrying an Indian flag which will be placed on the lunar surface when the Moon Impactor Probe lands on the moon.

This is the 14th flight of ISRO's workhorse PSLV, which had launched 29 satellites into a variety of orbits since 1993, and 13th successive one in a row.

Chandrayaan-1 is carrying 11 payloads, five designed and developed in India, three from European Space Agency, one from Bulgaria and two from US, which would explore the Moon over the next two years.

Space race in Asia

India joined what's shaping up as a 21st century space race with Chinese and Japanese crafts already in orbit around the moon. In the last year, Asian nations have taken the lead in exploring the moon. In October 2007, Japan sent up the Kaguya spacecraft. A month later, China's Chang'e-1 entered lunar orbit. Those missions took high resolution pictures of the moon, but aren;t as comprehensive as Chandrayaan-1 will be.

1.3 tonnes
The take-off weight of Chandrayaan. The rocket carries 11 payloads - five from India, two from the USA, and one each from Germany, Britain, Sweden and Bulgaria.

2 years
The duration of the mission during which Chandrayaan will orbit the moon. It plans to map a three-dimensional atlas of the moon and the surface's chemical and mineral composition

1,000
The number of scientists who have worked on the project for four years. India's constellation of seven earth-observation satellites is the largest in the world

2020
The year in which India plans to send a manned mission to the moon. The government has also approved the launch of Chandrayaan-2, which is expected to take of between 2010 and 2012
Source: www.mid-day.com

India's first moon mission is world's 68th

Bangalore: Chandrayaan-1, that lifts off on Wednesday morning from Sriharikota, is India's first and the world's 68th mission to the moon, the earth's closest celestial body which has fascinated children, scientists and poets alike.

"Through the ages, the moon, our closest celestial body, has aroused curiosity in our mind, far more than any other objects in the sky," says the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on its maiden moon mission.

The world's first moon mission was by the then Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) on Jan 2, 1959, followed two months later by the US on March 3.

Between them, the two countries have sent 62 missions to probe the moon with the US stealing a march over the then cold war rival USSR by landing a man on the moon on July 20, 1969.

Japan broke the monopoly of the two superpowers on Jan 24, 1990 by sending its spacecraft Hiten to orbit the moon. The European Space Agency launched its probe in September 2003. China sent its spacecraft Chang-e last year.

The first hard landing on the moon was on Sep 12, 1959 by Soviet Union's Luna 2.

The first photos from the moon were taken by Oct 4, 1959 from the Soviet spacecraft Luna 3.

On Jan 26, 1962, the US Ranger 3 missed the Moon by 36,793 km.

The Soviet Union's Luna 6 did worse on June 8, 1965 missing the moon by 160,000 km.

Luna 9 made up for it on Jan 31, 1966 by becoming the first spacecraft to soft land on the moon.

The Indian mission to the moon was proposed at a meeting of the Indian Academy of Sciences in 1999.

Then prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee announced the project was on course in his Independence Day speech on Aug 15, 2003.

The Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft is cuboid in shape, weighs 1,304 kg at launch and 590 kg at lunar orbit. It will carry 11 payloads, including six from abroad.

A canted single-sided solar array will generate required power for the spacecraft during its two-year mission. The solar array generates 700 watts of peak power. During eclipse the spacecraft will be powered by Lithium ion (Li-Ion) batteries.

The spacecraft employs an X-band, 0.7-metre diameter parabolic antenna for payload data transmission.

The Telemetry, Tracking & Command (TTC) communication is in S-band frequency and scientific payload data transmission in X-band frequency.

The spacecraft has three Solid State Recorders (SSRs) to record data from various payloads.

SSR-1 will store science payload data and has capability of storing 32 GB data.

The 8 GB SSR-2 will store science payload data along with spacecraft attitude information, satellite house keeping and other auxiliary data.

The third SSR with 10 GB SSR is for storing M3 (Moon Mineralogy Mapper) payload data.

On the ground, Chandrayaan-1 will be tracked by the Deep Space Station (DSN), Spacecraft Control Centre (SCC) and Indian Space Science Data Centre (ISSDC).

The spacecraft will blast off on an upgraded version of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, built first in the early 1990s by ISRO.

PSLV is ISRO's workhorse launch vehicle. The upgraded version, PSLV-C11, has a liftoff weight of 316 tonnes.

Chandrayaan-1 costs Rs.3.86 billion (about $76 million): Rs.530 million (about $11 million) for Payload development, Rs.830 million (about $17 million) for Spacecraft Bus,
Rs.1 billion ($20 million) for Deep Space Network, Rs.1 billion ($20 million) for PSLV launch vehicle, and Rs.500 million ($10 million) for scientific data centre, external network support and programme management expenses. IANS
Source: http://indiaedunews.net/Science/India's_first_moon_mission_is_world's_68th_6406/

Thursday, October 16, 2008

India's lunar mission set for Oct 22


Jayesh Limaye, Oct 16, 2008 1019 hrs IST
India's maiden lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 is set to lift off on Oct 22 early morning from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota.
is a time to rejoice and history will be made because India is finally entering the space age by sending its first ever lunar mission within two weeks. India's maiden lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 is set to lift off in the early morning hours of October 22 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, about 90km from Chennai, a top space agency official has said.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) director S. Satish said, "The tentative launch date is Oct 22 though the window will be kept open till Oct 26. Depending on the weather, we plan to launch the lunar spacecraft (Chandrayaan) around 6.30 a.m. IST."

Built at ISRO's satellite centre, this 1,380 kg spacecraft will be carried into a lunar orbit by a specially designed 320-tonne Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C11), with six strap-on propellants weighing 12 tonnes each.

"The formal countdown will begin 50 hours before the launch in the early hours of Oct 20. All going well and weather permitting, the final countdown will begin hours before the actual launch on Oct 22", S. Satish added.

The spacecraft is currently in the stages of being integrated with the PSLV rocket at the SHAR launchpad, situated off the Bay of Bengal in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. "All systems and instruments will be checked and tested for operational purposes. The spacecraft will orbit around the moon at an altitude of 100 km to map the topography and the mineralogical resources of the lunar soil", S. Satish said.

Costing a cool Rs 3.9-billion, Chandrayaan-1 has 11 payloads, including five from India and six from the US, Europe and Bulgaria. It will also carry a moon impact probe payload to demonstrate and test the technology needed for soft-landing on the moon's surface in subsequent missions.

Soruce: http://www.techtree.com/India/Techtree_Notes/Indias_lunar_mission_set_for_Oct_22/551-94136-889.html